Classification and Physical Appearance
Classification
Common Name: Arctic Willow or Rock Willow
Scientific Name: Salix arctica
Kingdom: Plants
Class: Dicotyledon
Physical Description
Shallow roots
Long, fluffy hair with net-like veins covering the leaves
Very short
Can be found in various shapes, but usually has long trailing branches
Widespread and abundant
Leaves are oval-shaped with pointed tips and wedge-tailed bottoms around 50mm in length.
Leaves dark green at the bottom, light green at the top
Small stalks
Flowers are upright with scaly spikes
They are unisexual flowers, no petals
Its flowers blooms in spring and are dark brown or pink
Plant consists of only seeds, no fruit
Native Continent and its Habitat
The arctic willow grows in dry, open habitats characterizing of treeless plains on uneven ground It’s native continent is North America, however, it is also found in Europe and Asia; being most common in Northern Canada and Alaska.
Adaptations that Allow for Success
Over a long period of time, the arctic willow has made many remarkable adaptations living in the tundra which have allowed success in their living. One of their many abilities are to produce a pesticide for itself to protect insects from damaging it. It now grows very short with long, fluffy hair which prevents them from cold temperatures. The arctic willow only has shallow roots, not long roots, to stop them from growing in permanently frozen soil, however, shallow roots can be damaged more easily. Thus, small changes or alterations made in the tundra may drastically affect the arctic willow’s existence.
Reproduction and Development
The arctic willow is capable of growing in three ways; prostrate which is lying downwards, shrub which is without a trunk and relies on several stems growing from the base and lastly, carpet which means it covers to ground’s surface.
Interesting Relationships (interdependence, symbiosis, economical significance)
Arctic Willow also provide a huge economical significance by people using the leaves and bark for medical purposes, the wood may be used for basket weaving, bows and arrows in archery and sometimes even various types of clothing. It can also be benefited to produce willow snowshoes, water jugs, bags, pouches, fishing nets as well as fuel in some regions where the only source of fuel is made from wood.